The Reformer was the first piece of apparatus created by Joseph Pilates and remains the primary apparatus in a Pilates studio for a full-body workout. The purpose of the Reformer is to provide an unstable surface to which the body must adapt to develop proprioceptive reflexes and improve neuromuscular firing patterns within the body. Spring resistance challenges the body concentrically and builds strength and flexibility. The Reformer is suitable for people of all ages and fitness levels.

The first Cadillac was created by Joseph Pilates and modeled on a hospital bed with the springs attached to the wall. The Cadillac offers a stable surface, spring resistance and allows for a multidirectional range of movement. It is excellent for working small muscle groups and for specific rehabilitative exercises. In a Pilates studio it is used within a workout to address an individual’s specific needs. Most Cadillac exercises can be performed on a Tower (except suspension exercises).

Originally designed by Joseph Pilates for use in tiny New York City apartments, the Chair is the most practical piece of Pilates apparatus. It lends itself to use in the home or in small studios and can be used to perform a wide array of exercises, from the rehabilitative to some verging on acrobatics. The practical nature of this apparatus has spawned variations of the original ‘Wunda Chair’; there’s now also the ‘Low Chair’, the ‘High Chair’ and the ‘Arm Chair’. Traditionally, the Chair was used to meet individual needs, but it can be used to add variety and challenge to a group class. Exercises can be done standing or sitting, making it effective for people who are unable to lie down, accessible to pregnant women, and an excellent piece for rehabilitative purposes.

The Barrels were created by Joseph Pilates to put the spine into an “ideal” position to open and decompress the front of the body while developing strength and flexibility. There are many different types of barrels and related small apparatus: ladder barrels, spine correctors, baby arches, and contemporary versions.

Pilates small equipment provides the opportunity to bring extra focus to an individual’s very specific needs. Small equipment includes: the Ped-a-Pole, to improve postural alignment and strength; the Foot corrector, Toe corrector and Towel – to strengthen and align the toes, feet and ankles; the Sand Bag, to strengthen the hands and wrists. There’s also the Reformer Jump Board, to add a cardio element to a workout, to strengthen the legs and correct foot strike.